/*
     This file is part of GNUnet.
     Copyright (C) 2010 GNUnet e.V.

     GNUnet is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
     by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your
     option) any later version.

     GNUnet is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
     WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
     General Public License for more details.

     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
     along with GNUnet; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the
     Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
     Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
*/

/**
 * @file src/nat/gnunet-helper-nat-client-windows.c
 * @brief Tool to help bypass NATs using ICMP method; must run as
 *        administrator on W32
 *        This code is forx W32.
 * @author Nathan Evans
 *
 * This program will send ONE ICMP message using RAW sockets
 * to the IP address specified as the second argument.  Since
 * it uses RAW sockets, it must be installed SUID or run as 'root'.
 * In order to keep the security risk of the resulting SUID binary
 * minimal, the program ONLY opens the RAW socket with root
 * privileges, then drops them and only then starts to process
 * command line arguments.  The code also does not link against
 * any shared libraries (except libc) and is strictly minimal
 * (except for checking for errors).  The following list of people
 * have reviewed this code and considered it safe since the last
 * modification (if you reviewed it, please have your name added
 * to the list):
 *
 * - Christian Grothoff
 * - Nathan Evans
 */
#define _GNU_SOURCE
/* Instead of including gnunet_common.h */
#define GNUNET_memcpy(dst,src,n) do { if (0 != n) { (void) memcpy (dst,src,n); } } while (0)

#define FD_SETSIZE 1024
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <time.h>


#define ICMP_ECHO 8
#define IPDEFTTL 64
#define ICMP_TIME_EXCEEDED 11

/**
 * Must match IP given in the server.
 */
#define DUMMY_IP "192.0.2.86"

#define NAT_TRAV_PORT 22225

/**
 * IPv4 header.
 */
struct ip_header
{

  /**
   * Version (4 bits) + Internet header length (4 bits)
   */
  uint8_t vers_ihl;

  /**
   * Type of service
   */
  uint8_t tos;

  /**
   * Total length
   */
  uint16_t pkt_len;

  /**
   * Identification
   */
  uint16_t id;

  /**
   * Flags (3 bits) + Fragment offset (13 bits)
   */
  uint16_t flags_frag_offset;

  /**
   * Time to live
   */
  uint8_t ttl;

  /**
   * Protocol
   */
  uint8_t proto;

  /**
   * Header checksum
   */
  uint16_t checksum;

  /**
   * Source address
   */
  uint32_t src_ip;

  /**
   * Destination address
   */
  uint32_t dst_ip;
};


/**
 * Format of ICMP packet.
 */
struct icmp_ttl_exceeded_header
{
  uint8_t type;

  uint8_t code;

  uint16_t checksum;

  uint32_t unused;

  /* followed by original payload */
};

struct icmp_echo_header
{
  uint8_t type;

  uint8_t code;

  uint16_t checksum;

  uint32_t reserved;
};

/**
 * Beginning of UDP packet.
 */
struct udp_header
{
  uint16_t src_port;

  uint16_t dst_port;

  uint16_t length;

  uint16_t crc;
};

/**
 * Will this binary be run in permissions testing mode?
 */
static boolean privilege_testing = FALSE;

/**
 * Socket we use to send our ICMP packets.
 */
static SOCKET rawsock;

/**
 * Target "dummy" address.
 */
static struct in_addr dummy;

/**
 * Port we are listening on (communicated to the server).
 */
static uint16_t port;



/**
 * Convert IPv4 address from text to binary form.
 *
 * @param af address family
 * @param cp the address to print
 * @param buf where to write the address result
 * @return 1 on success
 */
static int
inet_pton (int af, const char *cp, struct in_addr *buf)
{
  buf->s_addr = inet_addr (cp);
  if (buf->s_addr == INADDR_NONE)
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "Error %d handling address %s", WSAGetLastError (), cp);
    return 0;
  }
  return 1;
}


/**
 * CRC-16 for IP/ICMP headers.
 *
 * @param data what to calculate the CRC over
 * @param bytes number of bytes in data (must be multiple of 2)
 * @return the CRC 16.
 */
static uint16_t
calc_checksum (const uint16_t * data, unsigned int bytes)
{
  uint32_t sum;
  unsigned int i;

  sum = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < bytes / 2; i++)
    sum += data[i];
  sum = (sum & 0xffff) + (sum >> 16);
  sum = htons (0xffff - sum);
  return sum;
}


/**
 * Send an ICMP message to the target.
 *
 * @param my_ip source address
 * @param other target address
 */
static void
send_icmp_udp (const struct in_addr *my_ip, const struct in_addr *other)
{
  char packet[sizeof (struct ip_header) * 2 +
              sizeof (struct icmp_ttl_exceeded_header) +
              sizeof (struct udp_header)];
  struct ip_header ip_pkt;
  struct icmp_ttl_exceeded_header icmp_pkt;
  struct udp_header udp_pkt;
  struct sockaddr_in dst;
  size_t off;
  int err;

  /* ip header: send to (known) ip address */
  off = 0;
  ip_pkt.vers_ihl = 0x45;
  ip_pkt.tos = 0;
  ip_pkt.pkt_len = htons (sizeof (packet));
  ip_pkt.id = htons (256);
  ip_pkt.flags_frag_offset = 0;
  ip_pkt.ttl = 128;
  ip_pkt.proto = IPPROTO_ICMP;
  ip_pkt.checksum = 0;
  ip_pkt.src_ip = my_ip->s_addr;
  ip_pkt.dst_ip = other->s_addr;
  ip_pkt.checksum =
      htons (calc_checksum ((uint16_t *) & ip_pkt, sizeof (struct ip_header)));
  GNUNET_memcpy (&packet[off], &ip_pkt, sizeof (struct ip_header));
  off += sizeof (struct ip_header);

  icmp_pkt.type = ICMP_TIME_EXCEEDED;
  icmp_pkt.code = 0;
  icmp_pkt.checksum = 0;
  icmp_pkt.unused = 0;
  GNUNET_memcpy (&packet[off], &icmp_pkt, sizeof (struct icmp_ttl_exceeded_header));
  off += sizeof (struct icmp_ttl_exceeded_header);

  /* ip header of the presumably 'lost' udp packet */
  ip_pkt.vers_ihl = 0x45;
  ip_pkt.tos = 0;
  ip_pkt.pkt_len =
      htons (sizeof (struct ip_header) + sizeof (struct udp_header));
  ip_pkt.id = htons (0);
  ip_pkt.flags_frag_offset = 0;
  ip_pkt.ttl = 128;
  ip_pkt.proto = IPPROTO_UDP;
  ip_pkt.checksum = 0;
  ip_pkt.src_ip = other->s_addr;
  ip_pkt.dst_ip = dummy.s_addr;
  ip_pkt.checksum =
      htons (calc_checksum ((uint16_t *) & ip_pkt, sizeof (struct ip_header)));
  GNUNET_memcpy (&packet[off], &ip_pkt, sizeof (struct ip_header));
  off += sizeof (struct ip_header);

  /* build UDP header */
  udp_pkt.src_port = htons (NAT_TRAV_PORT);
  udp_pkt.dst_port = htons (NAT_TRAV_PORT);
  udp_pkt.length = htons (port);
  udp_pkt.crc = 0;
  GNUNET_memcpy (&packet[off], &udp_pkt, sizeof (struct udp_header));
  off += sizeof (struct udp_header);

  /* no go back to calculate ICMP packet checksum */
  icmp_pkt.checksum =
      htons (calc_checksum
             ((uint16_t *) & packet[off],
              sizeof (struct icmp_ttl_exceeded_header) +
              sizeof (struct ip_header) + sizeof (struct udp_header)));
  GNUNET_memcpy (&packet[sizeof (struct ip_header)], &icmp_pkt,
          sizeof (struct icmp_ttl_exceeded_header));

  memset (&dst, 0, sizeof (dst));
  dst.sin_family = AF_INET;
  dst.sin_addr = *other;
  err =
      sendto (rawsock, packet, sizeof (packet), 0, (struct sockaddr *) &dst,
              sizeof (dst));
  if (err < 0)
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "sendto failed: %s\n", strerror (errno));
  }
  else if (sizeof (packet) != (size_t) err)
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "Error: partial send of ICMP message\n");
  }
}


/**
 * Send an ICMP message to the target.
 *
 * @param my_ip source address
 * @param other target address
 */
static void
send_icmp (const struct in_addr *my_ip, const struct in_addr *other)
{
  struct ip_header ip_pkt;
  struct icmp_ttl_exceeded_header icmp_ttl;
  struct icmp_echo_header icmp_echo;
  struct sockaddr_in dst;
  char packet[sizeof (struct ip_header) * 2 +
              sizeof (struct icmp_ttl_exceeded_header) +
              sizeof (struct icmp_echo_header)];
  size_t off;
  int err;

  /* ip header: send to (known) ip address */
  off = 0;
  ip_pkt.vers_ihl = 0x45;
  ip_pkt.tos = 0;
  ip_pkt.pkt_len = htons (sizeof (packet));
  ip_pkt.id = htons (256);
  ip_pkt.flags_frag_offset = 0;
  ip_pkt.ttl = IPDEFTTL;
  ip_pkt.proto = IPPROTO_ICMP;
  ip_pkt.checksum = 0;
  ip_pkt.src_ip = my_ip->s_addr;
  ip_pkt.dst_ip = other->s_addr;
  ip_pkt.checksum =
      htons (calc_checksum ((uint16_t *) & ip_pkt, sizeof (struct ip_header)));
  GNUNET_memcpy (&packet[off], &ip_pkt, sizeof (struct ip_header));
  off += sizeof (ip_pkt);

  /* icmp reply: time exceeded */
  icmp_ttl.type = ICMP_TIME_EXCEEDED;
  icmp_ttl.code = 0;
  icmp_ttl.checksum = 0;
  icmp_ttl.unused = 0;
  GNUNET_memcpy (&packet[off], &icmp_ttl, sizeof (struct icmp_ttl_exceeded_header));
  off += sizeof (struct icmp_ttl_exceeded_header);

  /* ip header of the presumably 'lost' udp packet */
  ip_pkt.vers_ihl = 0x45;
  ip_pkt.tos = 0;
  ip_pkt.pkt_len =
      htons (sizeof (struct ip_header) + sizeof (struct icmp_echo_header));
  ip_pkt.id = htons (256);
  ip_pkt.flags_frag_offset = 0;
  ip_pkt.ttl = 1;               /* real TTL would be 1 on a time exceeded packet */
  ip_pkt.proto = IPPROTO_ICMP;
  ip_pkt.src_ip = other->s_addr;
  ip_pkt.dst_ip = dummy.s_addr;
  ip_pkt.checksum = 0;
  ip_pkt.checksum =
      htons (calc_checksum ((uint16_t *) & ip_pkt, sizeof (struct ip_header)));
  GNUNET_memcpy (&packet[off], &ip_pkt, sizeof (struct ip_header));
  off += sizeof (struct ip_header);

  icmp_echo.type = ICMP_ECHO;
  icmp_echo.code = 0;
  icmp_echo.reserved = htonl (port);
  icmp_echo.checksum = 0;
  icmp_echo.checksum =
      htons (calc_checksum
             ((uint16_t *) & icmp_echo, sizeof (struct icmp_echo_header)));
  GNUNET_memcpy (&packet[off], &icmp_echo, sizeof (struct icmp_echo_header));

  /* no go back to calculate ICMP packet checksum */
  off = sizeof (struct ip_header);
  icmp_ttl.checksum =
      htons (calc_checksum
             ((uint16_t *) & packet[off],
              sizeof (struct icmp_ttl_exceeded_header) +
              sizeof (struct ip_header) + sizeof (struct icmp_echo_header)));
  GNUNET_memcpy (&packet[off], &icmp_ttl, sizeof (struct icmp_ttl_exceeded_header));

  memset (&dst, 0, sizeof (dst));
  dst.sin_family = AF_INET;
  dst.sin_addr = *other;

  err =
      sendto (rawsock, packet, sizeof (packet), 0, (struct sockaddr *) &dst,
              sizeof (dst));

  if (err < 0)
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "sendto failed: %s\n", strerror (errno));
  }
  else if (sizeof (packet) != (size_t) err)
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "Error: partial send of ICMP message\n");
  }
}


/**
 * Create an ICMP raw socket.
 *
 * @return INVALID_SOCKET on error
 */
static SOCKET
make_raw_socket ()
{
  DWORD bOptVal = TRUE;
  int bOptLen = sizeof (bOptVal);
  SOCKET ret;

  ret = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_RAW);
  if (INVALID_SOCKET == ret)
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "Error opening RAW socket: %s\n", strerror (errno));
    return INVALID_SOCKET;
  }
  if (0 !=
      setsockopt (ret, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, (char *) &bOptVal, bOptLen))
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "Error setting SO_BROADCAST to ON: %s\n",
             strerror (errno));
    closesocket (rawsock);
    return INVALID_SOCKET;
  }

  if (0 != setsockopt (ret, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, (char *) &bOptVal, bOptLen))
  {
    fprintf (stderr, "Error setting IP_HDRINCL to ON: %s\n", strerror (errno));
    closesocket (rawsock);
    return INVALID_SOCKET;
  }
  return ret;
}


int
main (int argc, char *const *argv)
{
  struct in_addr external;
  struct in_addr target;
  WSADATA wsaData;
  unsigned int p;

  if (argc > 1 && 0 != strcmp (argv[1], "-d")){
      privilege_testing = TRUE;
      fprintf (stderr,
	       "%s",
	       "DEBUG: Running binary in privilege testing mode.");
      argv++;
      argc--;
    }

  if (argc != 4)
  {
    fprintf (stderr,
             "%s",
	     "This program must be started with our IP, the targets external IP, and our port as arguments.\n");
    return 1;
  }
  if ((1 != inet_pton (AF_INET, argv[1], &external)) ||
      (1 != inet_pton (AF_INET, argv[2], &target)))
  {
    fprintf (stderr,
	     "Error parsing IPv4 address: %s\n",
	     strerror (errno));
    return 1;
  }
  if ((1 != sscanf (argv[3], "%u", &p)) || (0 == p) || (0xFFFF < p))
  {
    fprintf (stderr,
	     "Error parsing port value `%s'\n",
	     argv[3]);
    return 1;
  }
  port = (uint16_t) p;

  if (0 != WSAStartup (MAKEWORD (2, 1), &wsaData))
  {
    fprintf (stderr,
	     "%s",
	     "Failed to find Winsock 2.1 or better.\n");
    return 2;
  }
  if (1 != inet_pton (AF_INET, DUMMY_IP, &dummy))
  {
    fprintf (stderr,
	     "%s",
	     "Internal error converting dummy IP to binary.\n");
    return 2;
  }
  if (-1 == (rawsock = make_raw_socket ()))
    return 3;
  if (!privilege_testing){
    send_icmp (&external, &target);
    send_icmp_udp (&external, &target);
  }
  closesocket (rawsock);
  WSACleanup ();
  return 0;
}

/* end of gnunet-helper-nat-client-windows.c */
